Test Principles and Concepts

Software Test Principles

1.Which of these is NOT part of the Cost of Quality?
a) Failure costs
b) Error Detection costs
c) RTF costs
d) Error prevention costs

2.The term "fit for use" refers to whose view of quality?
a) Supplier's
b) Auditor's
c) Producer's
d) Customer's

3.Which of these is a challenge/obstacle to implementing testing in an organization?
a) People think testing is not essential for delivery; testing is often unstructured and subjective
b) Testing is error prone; testing is too expensive
c) Testing is often not managed properly; the mindset that you can test quality into software
d) All of the above

4."PDCA", or "Plan, Do, Check, Act" is also known as

a) The Shewhart cycle
b) The Deming Wheel
c) both
d) neither

5.What are the three main categories defects can fall into?

a) Wrong, Missing, and Extra
b) Regression, Unit, and Integration
c) FUBAR, really FUBAR, and uber-FUBAR
d) display, processing, output

6.Which of these is NOT an important part of a Test Strategy?

a) The procedure for logging defects
b) how you will validate that the system meets user requirements
c) how you will validate the software at each stage of development
d) how you will use test data to examine the behavior of the system

7.Which of these are good ways to raise management's awareness of the importance of testing?

a) Make sure management knows what they get for the money they spend on testing
b) relay other benefits of testing (shorter test times, higher quality software)
c) Collect and distribute articles about testing
d) all of the above

8.Continuous process improvement only works if you:

a) Monitor performance of prior improvement initiatives
b) base improvement efforts on the organization's needs and business goals
c) enforce the newly developed processes
d) all are needed

9.Which is a more effective approach to risk mitigation?

a) Test based on user requirements
b) Test based on system specifications
c) Test more heavily in areas deemed higher risk
d) all of the above

10.Establishing a testing policy should include four main criteria. A definition of testing, the testing system, evaluation methods, and ________?

a) Standards against which testing will be measured
b) Data Requirements for a typical project
c) Templates for deliverables generated by the test group
d) All of the above

11.Which of these is the most effective method for establishing a testing policy?

a) Information Services Consensus Policy
b) Users Meeting
c) Industry Standard
d) Management Directive

12.During what phase of the project should you START thinking about Testing Scenarios?

a) Requirements
b) Maintenance
c) Coding
d) Design

13.What is the appropriate timing for Static, Structural tests?

a) Analysis and design only
b) testing phase
c) as early as possible and in every phase thereafter
d) not until the coding phase

14.Test coverage tools are useful starting in which phase?

a) Any phase
b) Analysis and Design
c) Testing (functional testing)
d) Coding (unit testing)

15.A Test Factor is:

a) The risk or issue that needs to be addressed during testing
b) a variable in a test script
c) an error inserted by programmers to measure the effectiveness of testing
d) part of the audit trail

16.means that the data entered, processed, and output by the application is accurate and complete.

a) Completeness
b) File integrity
c) Correctness
d) Audit trail

17.Validating that the right file is used and the data on that file is correct and in the correct sequence is known as:

a) Structural analysis
b) Data dictionary validation
c) Black box testing
d) File integrity testing

18._____________ can substantiate the processing that has occurred and allow analysts to reconstruct what happened at any point in a transaction.

a) Continuity of Processing
b) None of these
c) Data Dictionaries
d) Audit Trails

19.Failover testing at Chase is verification that ___________ is intact

a) Continuity of processing
b) audit trails
c) maintainability
d) both A and C

20.Processing time and "up time" goals are examples of

a) Statistical process control
b) metrics
c) service levels
d) workbenches

21.Access control testing is also known as

a) Error handling
b) Security testing
c) Static testing
d) Fault based testing

22.Audits to ensure that the system is designed in accordance with organization strategy, policies, procedures, and standards are designed to test which quality factor?

a) Best practices
b) correctness
c) maintainability
d) compliance

23.An application which performs its intended function with the required precision over an extended period of time has this quality factor:

a) Validity
b) ease of use
c) service level
d) reliability

24.If it is difficult to locate and fix errors in a program, that program is missing which quality factor?

a) Coupling
b) maintainability
c) portability
d) ease of operation

25.The quality factor "ease of use" is best measured by doing what type of testing?

a) Performance test
b) manual support test
c) white box test
d) acceptance test

26.Portability refers to

a) How easy it is to transfer a program to other hardware or OS
b) whether it's possible to uninstall the program
c) both of these
d) neither of these

27.The effort required to interconnect components of an application to other applications for data transfer is:

a) Coupling
b) I/O
c) flowchart analysis
d) system testing

28.If defects are hard to find, that's a sign that...

a) Test coverage is inadequate
b) there are errors in the test scripts
c) neither of these
d) either of these

29.    Which way(s) can lower the cost of testing without reducing it's effectiveness?

a) Phase containment
b) the V concept of testing
c) testing the artifacts of each development phase, not just the program itself
d) all of the above

30.________ ensures that we designed and built the right system, while _________ ensures that the system works as designed.

a) Validation, verification
b) white box testing, black box testing
c) verification, validation
d) the project manager, the test team

31.Walkthroughs, peer reviews, and other structural tests tend to be __________ tasks

a) Verification
b) quality control
c) quality assurance
d) validation

32.Input, Procedures to DO, Procedures to CHECK, and Output are the four components of the:

a) Workbench concept
b) test phase
c) reporting cycle
d) Shewhart cycle

33.Which of these are considerations when developing testing methodologies?

a) The type of development project, the type of software system
b) tactical risks, project scope
c) both of these
d) neither of these

34.Deriving test cases based on known program structure and logic is...

a) Control testing
b) white box testing
c) black box testing
d) fault-driven testing

35.Functional testing that simulates the end user's actions is known as...

a) Access control testing
b) performance testing
c) black box testing
d) structural testing

36.Breaking variables into chunks that should have the same expected results is:

a) Workbench
b) usability testing
c) equivalence partitioning
d) data mapping

37.Developing tests based on where you think the program's weak points are is known as

a) Error-handling testing
b) risk based testing
c) error guessing
d) negative testing

38.Top-down and Bottom-up are two ways to approach

a) Incremental testing
b) thread testing
c) boundary analysis
d) none of these

39.An end-to-end, task based test that uses integrated components of a system is a...

a) Performance test
b) thread test
c) unit test
d) structural test

40.Which is a benefit of having a user committee develop the company's test policy?

a) All involved parties participate and sign off
b) outside users learn the options and costs associated with testing
c) testing and quality are seen as organization-wide responsibilities, not just IT
d) all of these

41.Which of these types of reviews is NOT an effective phase containment mechanism?

a) Post implementation review
b) decision point review
c) phase end review
d) in process review

42.Which of these was not a Quality professional?

a) Deming
b) Townsend
c) Juran
d) Pareto

43.The successful implementation of a quality improvement program will have what long-term effect on productivity?

a) There is no relationship between quality and productivity
b) it will lower productivity
c) it will raise productivity
d) productivity will remain the same

44.Which of these are some of Deming's 7 Deadly Management Diseases?

a) Lack of constancy of purpose and emphasis on short-term profits
b) evaluation of performance or annual review of performance
c) running an organization on visible figures alone and excessive costs of warranty
d) all of these

45.The scientific method is

a) Relevant to developers
b) a logical, systematic approach to processes
c) useful when developing test cases
d) all of these

46.Deming's biggest contribution to the quality profession is:

a) Zero Defects Day
b) Using slogans and targets to motivate the work force
c) focusing on process improvement, not the product itself
d) all of these

47.Instituting pride in workmanship and eliminating numerical quotas were suggestions for management created by

a) Pareto
b) Shewhart
c) Deming
d) Juran

48.Which is an important source of data for Continuous Process Improvement?

a) Defect databases
b) Post-mortems
c) Neither of these
d) both of these

49.Who should NOT participate in testing?

a) End users
b) developers’
c) management
d) all should participate

50.According to Deming, 90% of defects are attributable to:

a) Vague user requirements
b) programmer error
c) process problems
d) communication errors

51.Which of these are NOT test factors

a) Error guessing, incremental testing, boundary analysis
b) compliance, reliability, access control
c) correctness, audit trail, continuity of processing
d) maintainability, portability, ease of operation

52.A test strategy matrix does not include:

a) Test phases
b) risks
c) test factors
d) script mapping

53.Of the four options listed below, which is able to detect an infeasible path?

a) Performance testing
b) black box testing
c) structural testing
d) manual support testing

54.Black box testing, thread testing, and incremental testing are all kinds of:

a) Dynamic testing
b) static analysis
c) both of these
d) neither of these

55.Which catches errors earlier, verification or validation?

a) Verification
b) Validation
c) Neither
d) Both

56.Mapping requirements to tests in order to prove that the system functions as designed is known as:

a) Data mapping
b) requirement validation
c) requirements tracing
d) metrics gathering

57.Who should not be allowed to participate in and contribute to the improvement of processes?

a) Line workers
b) nobody - all should be allowed
c) the author of the original process
d) management

58.Improving weaknesses in a process you just piloted is an example of which piece of the Shewhart cycle?

a) Do
b) Act
c) Plan
d) Check