Strings and Arrays in Java
i) String Handling in Java
ii) Arrays in Java
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i) String Handling in Java
a) What is String?
> String is a sequence of characters written double quotes.
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Numbers
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Integers – byte, short, int, long data types
Floating point values/decimal values- float, double data types
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Character -char
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Logical values
boolean
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String -Object
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> String may have Alphabets, Numbers and Special characters.
Example:
System.out.println(“Selenium”);//Selenium
System.out.println(“123Selenium”);//123Selenium
System.out.println(“Selenium*&123”);//Selenium*&123
System.out.println(“1234”);//1234
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b) Create Strings
String myTool =”Selenium”;//String Variable
String [] myTools ={“UFT”, “Selenium”, “LoadRunner”, “RFT”}; //Array of Strings
System.out.println(myTool);//Selenium
for (String tool: myTools){
System.out.println(tool);
}
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c) Operations on Strings
1) Concatenating Strings
String str1 = “Selenium “;
String str2 =”Testing”;
System.out.println(str1 + str2);//Selenium Testing
System.out.println(“Selenium” + (1 + 1));//Selenium2
System.out.println(“Selenium” + 1 + 1);//Selenium11
System.out.println(1 + 1 + “Selenium”);//2Selenium
System.out.println(“1” + 1 + “Selenium”);//11Selenium
System.out.println(“Selenium” + ” “);
System.out.println(” ” + “Selenium”);
String + String = Concatenation
String + Integer = Concatenation
Integer + Integer = Addition
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2) String Comparison
In computer programming we have 2 types of comparison
i) 2-way Comparison (true/false)
ii) 3-way Comparison (0, > 0, < 0)
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a) String comparison using (==) Relational Operator
It supports 2-way Comparison(true/false)
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b) Sting comparison using equals() method
It supports 2-way Comparison(true/false)
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c) Sting comparison using compareTo() method
It supports 3-way Comparison (0, >0, <0)
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// A to Z (65 to 90)
// a to z (97 to 122)
// 0 to 9 (48 to 57)
Example:
String str1 = “selenium”;
String str2 = “SELENIUM”;
String str3 = “SELENIUM”;
String str4 = “zselenium”;
//String Comparison using == Operator
System.out.println(str1 == str2);//false
System.out.println(str2 == str3);//true
//String Comparison using equals() method
System.out.println(str1.equals(str2));//false
System.out.println(str2.equals(str3));//true
//String Comparison using compareTo() method
System.out.println(str1.compareTo(str2));//Greater than 0
System.out.println(str2.compareTo(str3));//0
System.out.println(str1.compareTo(str4));//Less than 0
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Result Criteria for 3-way comparison
if str1 = str2 then 0
if str1 > str2 then > 0
if str1 < str2 then < 0
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ii) Arrays in Java
a) What is Java Array?
> Java Array is an Object that holds a fixed number of values of a single data type.
> The length of Array is established when the Array is created.
> Array length is fixed, index starts from zero to n-1.
b) Creating of Arrays
1st Method
dataType arrayName []; //Creating Array
arrayName = new dataType[size]; //Define Size
arrayName[0]=value;//Assign value
arrayName[1]=value;
arrayName[2]=value;
.
.
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Example:
int a [];
a = new int[3];
a[0]=10;
a[1]=20;
a[2]=30;
System.out.println(a[0]);//10
System.out.println(a[1] + a[2]);//50
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//Assign values to elements that more than the length of Array (Run-Time Error)
int a [];
a = new int[3];
a[0]=10;
a[1]=20;
a[2]=30;
a[3]=40;//Out of Range(Run-Time Error)
System.out.println(a[0]);//10
System.out.println(a[1] + a[2]);//50
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//Assign values to some elements only (No Error)
int a [];
a = new int[3];
a[1]=20;
a[2]=30;
System.out.println(a[1] + a[2]);//50
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//If we assign invalid values (data type) -Syntax Error
int a [];
a = new int[3];
a[0] =1.23; //Syntax Error
a[1]=20;
a[2]=30;
System.out.println(a[1] + a[2]);//50
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2nd Method
dataType [] arrayName= new dataType[length]; //Declare Array with length
arrayName[index] = value; //Assign value
Example:
int [] abc = new int [4];
abc[0] =10;
System.out.println(abc[0]); //10
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3rd Method (Declare Array and Assign values)
dataType [] arrayName = {value1, value2, value3}
Example:
int [] xyz = {10, 20, 30, 40};
System.out.println(xyz[2]);//30
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Declaring different types of Arrays
Example:
char [] abc = {‘A’, ‘B’, ‘Z’}; //Array of Characters
int [] xyz = {10, 20, 30, 40}; //Array of Integers
String [] a = {“UFT”, “Selenium”, “RFT”}; //Array of Strings
boolean [] b ={true, false, false, true}; //Array of Boolean values
System.out.println(abc[1]);//B
System.out.println(xyz[3]);//40
System.out.println(a[1]);//Selenium
System.out.println(b[2]);//false
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c) Copy Values from one to another
int [] array1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int array2 [] = array1;
System.out.println(array2[2]);//3
for (int i =0; i < array2.length; i++){
System.out.println(array2[i]);
}
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d) Types of Arrays
Two types of Arrays
1) Single dimensional Array
2) Multi dimensional Array
Example:
int [] array1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};//Single dimensional Array
int [] [] array2 = {{1, 3, 5, 7}, {2, 4, 6, 8}};// Multi dimensional Array
System.out.println(array2[0][0]);//1
System.out.println(array2[1][0]);//2
System.out.println(array2[1][2]);//6
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Assignment
Print Multi dimensional Array (2D Array) values using Nested for loop.
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e) Advantages & Disadvantages of Arrays
Advantages:
Using Arrays we can optimize the code, data can be retrieved easily.
We can get required data using index position
Disadvantages:
We can store fixed number of Elements only.
It doesn’t change its size during execution.
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