Manual Testing Interview Questions for Freshers, Levels of Software Testing, Types of Testing, Software Test Techniques, and Software Test Life Cycle.
Manual Testing Topics
1. Software Development Life Cycle
2. SDLC Models (Waterfall, V, Spiral, Prototype, and Agile Models)
3. Sofware Test Levels (Unit Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, and Acceptance Testing)
4. Software Test Types (Functional Testing and Non-Functional Testing)
5, Software Test Design Techniques
6. Software Testing Life Cycle
7. Software Testing Documents
8. Software Quality Standards
Manual Testing Process
1. Analyzing Requirements/User Stories
2. Test Planning
3. Test case creation
4. Test Environment setup
5. Test case execution
6. Defect Logging
7. defect fix & Re-verification.
Manual Testing Interview Questions
1. What is Manual Testing?
Manual Testing is a testing process that is carried out manually in order to find defects without the usage of test tools or automation scripting.
2. What is the difference between ‘Software Testing’ and ‘Manual Testing’?
Software Testing is testing computer software manually or testing using any test tool, so Manual Testing is one of the Software Testing methods.
3. What is the Software Development Life cycle?
ISO/IEC 12207 is an international standard for software life-cycle processes. It defines all the tasks required for developing and maintaining software.
Software Development Life Cycle is a systematic approach to develop software. It is a Process followed by Software Developers, and Software Testing is an integral part of it.
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) has different phases to develop a software in a systematic way, they are:
1. Requirement Gathering
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Coding / Development
5. Testing
6. Deployment & Maintenance
Note: These phases may vary from one organization to another, but the aim is almost all same, that is “Developing and Maintaining Quality Software”.
Nowadays we have different SDLC models to develop software applications, they are:
1. Waterfall model
2. V model
3. Prototype model
4. Spiral model
5. Agile model
Etc,
4. What is the Agile development model?
The Agile software development methodology is one of the simplest and effective processes to turn a vision for a business need into software solutions.
The Agile SDLC model is a combination of iterative and incremental process models with a focus on process adaptability and customer satisfaction by rapid delivery of working software products.
Agile Methodology meaning a practice that promotes continuous iteration of development and testing throughout the software development lifecycle of the project.
Agile Development is not a single methodology, It has several methodologies, they are:
1. Kanban.
2. Scrum.
3. Extreme Programming (XP)
4. Crystal.
5. Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)
Etc,
5. Do you know about ‘DevOps’?
Yes, I know the “DevOps”, which means, Development and Operations, it is an enhanced concept of SDLC, we have only software development & testing in SDLC, but in DevOps, we have an integrated development, testing, and operations.
DevOps is a culture that allows the development and the operations team to work together. This results in continuous development, testing, integration, deployment, and monitoring of the software throughout the lifecycle.
6. What are the different levels of Software Testing?
In software testing, we have four different levels of testing,
1. Unit Testing
2. Integration Testing
3. System Testing
4. Acceptance Testing
1. Unit Testing
A Unit is the smallest testable portion of a system or application. The unit can be compiled, liked, loaded, and executed. Unit testing helps to test each module separately.
Unit testing is performed by developers.
2. Integration Testing
In this testing phase, different software modules are combined and tested as a group to make sure that the integrated system is ready for system testing.
Integrating testing checks the data flow from one module to other modules. This kind of testing is performed by testers.
3. System Testing
System testing is performed on a complete, integrated system. It allows checking the system’s compliance as per the requirements. It tests the overall interaction of components. It involves functional and non-functional testing.
System testing is most often the final test to verify that the system meets the specification.
4. Acceptance Testing
The last and fourth level of software testing is Acceptance testing, which is used to evaluate whether a specification or the requirements are met as per its delivery.
Acceptance testing is basically done by the user or customer.
7. What are the different testing types?
There are four types of tests that can be conducted at each of the test levels:
1. Functional testing:
2. Non-functional testing:
3. Structural or Coverage testing:
4. Change related testing:
8. What is a Test design technique? What are different Test design techniques?
A test design technique is used to select a good set of tests from all possible tests for a given system.
We have two categories of Test Design Techniques:
1. Static Techniques (Two types of static testing techniques, Reviews (Manual Examination), and Static Analysis (Automated Analysis))
2. Dynamic Techniques (Three types of Dynamic Test Design Techniques, Specification-based or Black-box Techniques, Structure-based or White-box Techniques, and Experience-based Techniques)
9. What is Software Testing Life Cycle?
Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) is a sequence of specific activities conducted during the testing process to ensure software quality goals are met. STLC involves both verification and validation activities.
Software Testing Life Cycle has different phases:
1. Requirement Analysis
2. Test Planning
3. Test case development
4. Test Environment setup
5. Test Execution
6. Test Cycle closure
10. What are the important Test Documents?
We create & use test documents before, during, and after Software Testing.
1. Test Policy
2. Test Strategy
3. Test Plan
4. Requirements Traceability Matrix
5. Test Scenario
6. Test Case
7. Test Data
8. Test Metrics
9. Defect Report
10. Test Summary Report
11. What is Test Planning phase in STLC?
In Test Planning phase the Test Manager or Test Lead prepares the Test Plan and Test strategy documents.
Entry Criteria: Requirements Document, Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM) and Automation Feasibility
Report
Exit Criteria: Approved Test Plan document, Test Strategy document and Effort estimation document
Activities in this phase:
1. Selection of Testing Approach
2. Test Estimation
3. Team Formation
4. Preparation of Test Plan, Test strategy documents
5. Configuration Management Planning
6. Resource planning
7. Test Tool Selection (if required)
8. Training Requirement
Deliverables:
1. Test Plan, Test Strategy document.
2. Test Estimation document.
Etc.
12. What is the Test Plan document?
Test Plan is a dynamic document. The success of a testing project depends upon a well-written Test Plan document that is current at all times. Test Plan is more or less like a blueprint of how the testing activity is going to take place in a project.
A sample test plan template:
1. Test Plan ID:
2. Introduction:
3. Test Items:
4. References:
5. Features to be Tested:
6. Features not to be Tested:
7. Test Approach:
8. Entry Criteria:
9. Exit Criteria:
10. Suspension Criteria:
11. Roles & Responsibilities
12. Schedule:
13. Training:
14. Test Environment / Lab:
15. Test Deliverables:
16. Approvals
17. Glossary:
13. What is a Test Case? How do we write Test cases?
14. What is RTM?
15. What is Test Data?
16. What is Negative Testing?
17. What is a Defect Report?
18. What is Test Summary Report?
19. What are Test deliverables?
20. What Maintenance Testing?
