Introduction to Java Programming

Introduction to Java Programming, What is Java?, Features of Java, Editions of Java, Applications of Java, and Java Programming Syllabus.

Java Programming Environment Setup, Basic Syntax, Keywords, Identifiers, and Program Structure.

Java Language Fundamentals, Data Types, Variables, Operators, Control Flow, etc,

Java Object-Oriented Programming, Classes, Objects, Interfaces, Methods, Constructors, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction, and Encapsulation.

Java Other Concepts, IO, Regular Expressions, Exception Handling, and Database Connectivity, etc,

Java doesn’t have a built-in editor for writing and executing programs, we need to use a platform like Eclipse IDE for that.

According to Oracle, more than 10 million developers use Java worldwide and more than 3 billion devices run Java.

Introduction to Java

1. What is Java?
2. Features of Java
3. JDK, JRE, and JVM
4. Editions of Java
5. Applications of Java

1. What is Java?

Java Programming language was developed by James Gosling with his team (Java Team, also known as Green Team) in 1995 for Sun Microsystems, later Java was acquired by Oracle in 2010.

Java Language was initially developed for digital devices such as set-top boxes, televisions, etc. now it is used for various types of application development.

Java is a General-purpose, High level, and Object-Oriented programming language to be used for writing software in the widest variety of application domains.

Java is a Programming Language and a Platform, Java is used as programming to develop Software Applications, and It is also used as a Software Platform to run Java applications.

Java can be used to create complete applications that may run on a single computer or be distributed among servers and clients in a network.

Java is used to develop Standalone Applications/Desktop Applications /window-based applications, Web Applications, Enterprise Applications, and Mobile Applications.

2. Features of Java

The primary objective of Java programming language creation was to make it a portable, simple and secure programming language.

A list of the most important features of the Java language are:

i. Simple

Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean, and easy to understand.

Java language is a simple programming language because, It has removed many complicated and rarely-used features, and there is an Automatic Garbage Collection.

ii. Object-Oriented

In java, everything is an object which has some data and behavior. Java can be easily extended since it is based on the Object model.

iii. Platform Independent

Java code is compiled into intermediate format (bytecode), which can be executed on any systems for which Java virtual machine is ported. That means you can write a Java program once and run it on Windows, Mac, Linux or Solaris without re-compiling. Thus the slogan “Write once, run anywhere” of Java.

iv. Architectural Neutral

Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format, which makes the compiled code executable on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime system.

v. Portable

Java is portable because it facilitates you to carry the Java bytecode to any platform. It doesn’t require any implementation.

vi. High Performance

Java is an interpreted language, so it will never be as fast as a compiled language like C or C++. But, Java enables high performance with the use of the “Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler”.

vii. Multithreaded

Java supports multithreaded programming i.e, it supports multiple operations running at the same time. We can think of a thread as an individual operation or parts of the program using the processor.

viii. Distributed

Java is a distributed language. Programs can be designed to run on computer networks. Java has a special class library for communicating using TCP/IP protocols. Creating network connections is very much easy in Java as compared to C/C++.

ix. Networked

It is mainly designed for web-based applications, J2EE is used for developing network-based applications.

x. Interpreted

Java is a highly interpreted programming language, which means that it does not require operating system`s runtime to convert byte code to machine code.  Java has its own interpreter to convert the byte code into processor dependent machine language.

xi. Robust

Robust means reliable. Java programming language is developed in a way that puts a lot of emphasis on early checking for possible errors, that’s why java compiler is able to detect errors that are not easy to detect in other programming languages.

xii. Dynamic

Java is a dynamic language. It supports dynamic loading of classes. It means classes are loaded on demand. It also supports functions from its native languages, i.e., C and C++.

Java supports dynamic compilation and automatic memory management

xiii. Secured

With Java’s secure feature it enables to develop virus-free, tamper-free systems. Authentication techniques are based on public-key encryption.

3. JDK, JRE, and JVM

JDK, JRE, and JVM are core concepts of Java programming language. We don’t use these concepts in programming. But, as Java developers, we should know about them.

JDK

Java Development Kit aka JDK is the core component of Java Environment and provides all the tools, executables, and binaries required to compile, debug, and execute a Java Program.

We can say that JDK is the superset of JRE since it contains JRE with Java compiler, debugger, and core classes.

JDK is a platform-specific software and that’s why we have separate installers for Windows, Mac, and Unix systems.

JRE

It provides a platform to execute java programs. JRE consists of JVM, Java binaries, and other classes to execute any program successfully.

JRE doesn’t contain any development tools such as Java compiler, debugger, JShell, etc.

If you just want to execute a Java program, you can install only JRE. You don’t need JDK because there is no development or compilation of Java source code is required.

JVM

JVM is the heart of Java programming language. When we execute a Java program, JVM is responsible for converting the byte code to the machine-specific code.

JVM is platform-dependent and provides core java functions such as memory management, garbage collection, security, etc.

4. Editions of Java

There are four platforms of the Java programming language:

  1. Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)
  2. Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)
  3. Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME)
  4. JavaFX

5. Applications of Java Programming

Java is used to develop:

  1. Desktop GUI Applications
  2. Mobile Applications
  3. Enterprise Applications
  4. Scientific Applications
  5. Web-based Applications
  6. Embedded Systems
  7. Big Data Technologies
  8. Distributed Applications
  9. Cloud-based Applications
  10. Web servers and Application servers
  11. Software Tools
  12. Gaming Applications
  13. Smart Cards

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