Basics of Computer Programming

Basics of Computer Programming

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Basics of Computer Programming, Programming Environment, Basic Syntax, Keywords, Identifiers, Libraries, and Programming Language Elements.

What Is Computer Programming?

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer.

We have several programming languages like,

C,
C++
Java
Python
C#
JavaScript
Perl,
PHP,
Ruby, etc,

Basics of Computer Programming

I. Introduction
  1. What Is Computer Programming?
  2. Uses of Programming
  3. Popular Programming Languages
II. Programming Environment Setup
III. Prerequisites to write Programs
  1. Basic Syntax
  2. Keywords
  3. Identifiers
  4. Standard Libraries
IV. Programming Fundamentals
  1. Comments, Statements
  2. Data Types
  3. Variables
  4. Operators
  5. Control Flow
    i. Decision making/Conditional Statements
    ii. Loop Statements
    iii. Branching Statements
  6. Strings, Numbers, and Characters
V. Data Structures
  1. Static Data Structures (Ex: Array, )
  2. Dynamic Data Structures (Ex: ArrayList, )
VI. Input and Output
  1. Read User Input
  2. Display Program’s Output
  3. Read and Write Files
VII. Functions/Methods
  1. Built-in Functions/Methods
  2. User defined Functions/Methods
VIII. UI Design Concepts
IX. Exception Handling

X. Object-oriented programming

  1. Project, Package, Class, Interface, Object, Method, and Constructor
  2. OOP Principles
    i. Inheritance
    ii. Polymorphism
    iii. Abstraction
    iv. Encapsulation
I. Introduction

1. What Is Computer Programming?

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer.

2. Uses of Programming

Computer Programming is used to develop System Software and Application Software, In addition it used to write Automated Test cases, and perform other tasks.

3. Popular Programming Languages

We have several programming languages like,

COBOL, C, C++, Java, Python, C#, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Ruby, Kotlin, etc,

II. Programming Environment Setup

Programming Environment is required to write and execute programs,

1. Editor to write and edit programs,

2. A compiler/interpreter that converts instructions into a machine-code or lower-level form so that they can be read and executed by a computer.

3. Result Console – To display the program result.

In a general sense, a programming environment combines hardware and software that allows a developer to build applications.

Developers typically work in integrated development environments or IDEs. These connect users with all the features necessary to write and test their code correctly.

III. Prerequisites to write Programs

1. Basic Syntax:

Syntax in computer programming means the rules that control the structure of the symbols, punctuation, and words of a programming language.

2. Keywords

Keywords are predefined, reserved words used in programming that have special meanings to the compiler. Keywords are part of the syntax and they cannot be used as an identifier.

3. Identifiers

Identifiers in computer programming are symbolic names used for identification. They can be a class name, variable name, method name, function name, package name, constant name, and more.

4. Standard Libraries

Every programming language defines a basic set of components that can be reused by programs. Every implementation of the language should provide these components. This set of reusable components is what we call a standard library.

IV. Programming Fundamentals

1.1 Comments

Comments are text notes added to the program to provide explanatory information about the source code.

1.2 Statements

Statement in a programming means any line of code that instructs the compiler to perform a specific task.

2. Data Types

A data type is a classification of data which tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data. Most programming languages support various types of data, including integer, real, character, string, and Boolean.

3. Variables

Variables are the names you give to computer memory locations which are used to store values in a computer program.

4. Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

5. Control Flow

The statements inside your source files are generally executed from top to bottom, in the order that they appear.

In computer programming, control flow or flow of control is the order instructions, statements, and function calls are executed or evaluated when a program is running.

5.1 Selection/Decision making

Selection means we do one of several alternatives. Often done with an “if” statement.

5.2 Iteration/Looping

Iteration is executing code repeatedly.

5.3 Branching

Branching statements are used to transfer control from one point to another in the code

6.1 Strings

The string is a sequence of characters and it may contain Alphabets, Numbers, and special characters.

String is a data type in computer programming, it may contain a single character or word or sentence.

6.2 Numbers

The most important data type is numeric data. There are several different ones.

An integer is a numeric value without a decimal. A number with a decimal is referred to as a decimal, a float or a double.

6.3 Characters

A character is a single visual object used to represent text, numbers, or symbols.

V. Data Structures

A data structure is a named location that can be used to store and organize data.

1.1 Static data structure

A static data structure is an organization or collection of data in memory that is fixed in size.

Ex: Array in Java

1.2 Dynamic data structure

Dynamic data structure is that kind of data structure that changes its size during runtime.

Ex: ArrayList in Java

IX. Exception Handling

Exception handling ensures that the flow of the program doesn’t break when an exception occurs.

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