File handling in Python, Python open Function, Python IO, Create a File in Python, Read a Text File, Write data to a file, and Delete a File.
Python IO – File Handling
Python supports file handling and allows users to handle files i.e., to read and write files, along with many other file handling options, to operate on files and Python treats files differently as text or binary.
open() function
We use open () function in Python to open a file in read or write mode. open () will return a file object, to return a file object we use open() function along with two arguments, that accept file name and the mode, whether to read or write.
In Python, a file operation takes place in the following order.
Open a file
Read or write (perform the operation)
Close the file
Syntax: open(filename, mode).
There are three kinds of mode, that Python provides and how files can be opened,
“r “, for reading.
“w”, for writing.
“a”, for appending.
“r+”, for both reading and writing
The mode argument is not mandatory. If not passed, then Python will assume it to be “r” by default.
File Handling Examples:
1. Read a File
The open() function returns a file object, which has a read() method for reading the content of the file:
Example
f = open(“sample.txt”, “r”)
print(f.read())
2. Read Only Parts of the File
Example:
Return the 5 first characters of the file:
f = open(“sample.txt”, “r”)
print(f.read(5))
3. Read Lines
You can return one line by using the readline() method:
Example:
Read one line of the file:
f = open(“sample.txt”, “r”)
print(f.readline())
4. Write to an Existing File
To write to an existing file, you must add a parameter to the open() function:
“a” – Append – will append to the end of the file
“w” – Write – will overwrite any existing content
Example
Open the file “sample.txt” and append content to the file:
f = open(“sample.txt”, “a”)
f.write(“Now the file has more content!”)
f.close()
#open and read the file after the appending:
f = open(“sample.txt”, “r”)
print(f.read())
5. Overwrite the content
Open the file “sample3.txt” and overwrite the content:
f = open(“sample3.txt”, “w”)
f.write(“Woops! I have deleted the content!”)
f.close()
#open and read the file after the appending:
f = open(“demofile3.txt”, “r”)
print(f.read())
6. Create a New File
To create a new file in Python, use the open() method, with one of the following parameters
“x” – Create – will create a file, returns an error if the file exist
Example
f = open(“myfile.txt”, “x”)
7. Delete a File
To delete a file, you must import the OS module, and run its os.remove() function:
Example
#Remove the file “demofile.txt”:
import os
os.remove(“sample.txt”)
Other Examples
1. Renaming a file
import os
os.rename(“C:\\Users\\gcreddy\\Desktop\\abcd.txt”, “C:\\Users\\gcreddy\\Desktop\\xyz.txt”)
2. Create a New Directory/Folder
import os
os.mkdir(“C:\\Users\\gcreddy\\Desktop\\Selenium”)
3. Return the current working dierectory
import os
x = os.getcwd()
print(x)
4. Changing the current working directory
import os
os.chdir(“D:\\Dump”)
x = os.getcwd()
print(x)